“include” in Arabic dialects
verb
How do you say include across the major spoken Arabic dialects? Compare include (verb) sense by sense across 5 dialects — Egyptian, Levantine, Gulf, Iraqi, Maghrebi — with English meaning, native script, transliteration and usage.
What does “include” mean?
verb
- Have as a part, be made up out of“The list includes the names of many famous writers”
- Consider as part of something“I include you in the list of culprits”
- Add as part of something else; put in as part of a set, group, or category“We must include this chemical element in the group”
English definitions from Princeton WordNet.
Quick comparison across dialects
| Dialect | Arabic (include) | Transliteration |
|---|---|---|
| Egyptian Arabic | يشمل | yeshmal |
| Levantine Arabic | تضمّن (taḍamman) / بيتضمّن | byitḍamman |
| Gulf Arabic | يِتضَمَّن | yitḍamman |
| Iraqi Arabic | يشمل | yishmil |
| Maghrebi Arabic | شمل | shmel |
Full breakdown by dialect
Egyptian Arabic
| Word (Arabic) | Transliteration | English sense / usage |
|---|---|---|
| يشمل | yeshmal | to comprise, to contain |
| يتضمن | yatḍamman | to contain as a part |
| يضيف | yeḍīf | to add someone/something to a list |
Levantine Arabic
| Word (Arabic) | Transliteration | English sense / usage |
|---|---|---|
| تضمّن (taḍamman) / بيتضمّن | byitḍamman | to contain or comprise as part of a whole |
| شمل (shamal) / بيشمل | byishmal | to cover or encompass |
Gulf Arabic
| Word (Arabic) | Transliteration | English sense / usage |
|---|---|---|
| يِتضَمَّن | yitḍamman | to contain or comprise |
| يِشْمَل | yishmal | to cover or encompass |
| يضيف | yiḍīf | to add someone to a group |
Iraqi Arabic
| Word (Arabic) | Transliteration | English sense / usage |
|---|---|---|
| يشمل | yishmil | to contain as part of a whole, to comprise |
| يتضمن | yitḍamman | to contain or have as a feature |
| يضيف | yidhīf | to add someone or something to a group |
Maghrebi Arabic
| Word (Arabic) | Transliteration | English sense / usage |
|---|---|---|
| شمل | shmel | to contain, to comprise |
| دخل | dekhel | to add someone/something to a group |
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