Land Record Typing for Encroachment Regularization: B Yadastu & More

What a Land Record (B Yadastu / Patta / 7/12) Contains

An Indian land record is a revenue document that establishes ownership, extent, and encumbrances over a parcel of land. Depending on the state, it may be called a patta, a 7/12 extract, pahani, or chitta. The core fields almost always include the survey number, the patta number or khata number, the recorded owner’s details, the total land area and its classification (wet, dry, or residential), and the current assessment or land revenue payable. Many records also carry an encumbrance column that notes mortgages, pending litigation, or prohibited-order-book entries. The term “B Yadastu” appears in some Karnataka records; it is essentially a B‑register entry listing the landholder’s particulars alongside the property register reference.

State-wise Variations in Format and Naming

No two states use exactly the same form. Maharashtra relies on the sat-bara utara (7/12 extract) as its primary record of rights. Tamil Nadu calls the ownership document patta, while Andhra Pradesh and Telangana use patta and chitta together. Karnataka uses pahani for crop‑level details and B‑register extracts for holder‑specific information. Despite the different names, all these documents serve the same purpose: they capture the official revenue‑department view of who holds what land, how it is categorised, and what charges attach to it.

Common Terms in Indian Land Records

A quick-reference table of terms drawn from Kannada, Tamil, Telugu, and Marathi records, with their romanisation and English meaning.

Source Term	Romanisation	English Meaning
ಬಿ ಯದಾಸ್ತು	B Yadastu	B‑register entry (landholder details)
പട്ട	Patta	Land ownership document
सात बारा उतारा	Saat Baara Utara	7/12 extract (record of rights)
ఖాతా	Khata	Property account
చిట్టా	Chitta	Land revenue record
प्रतिबंधक आदेश पुस्तिका	Pratibandhak Aadesh Pustika	Prohibited order book
ಪಹಣಿ	Pahani	Crop and survey record
సర్వే నంబర్	Survey Number	Unique plot identifier
క్షేత్రం విస్తీర్ణం	Kshetra Vistheernam	Land area
मूल्यांकन	Mulyankan	Assessment / valuation

Why You Might Need a Land Record Typed for Encroachment Regularization

Encroachment regularisation schemes often require you to submit a clear, legible copy of the revenue record that identifies the land you occupy. Original government‑issued copies may be handwritten, faded, or partly damaged. A neatly typed version of the same document, preserving every survey number, patta entry, and encumbrance note, makes it easier for an advocate to draft the application, for the revenue inspector to verify details, and for you to keep a clean personal record. From past translations of similar documents, we have seen applicants use typed copies to highlight specific entries like the prohibited‑order‑book reference or the assessment column, which strengthens the narrative that the occupation is long‑standing and accounted for in official records.

AI Typing vs Certified Copies: When Each Fits

AI typing converts a scanned or photographed land record into a digital DOCX that reads line‑for‑line with the original. It faithfully reproduces the text, table structure, and column layout, but it carries no official stamp, seal, or attestation. For your own reference, for sharing with counsel, or for preparing a draft application, that fast, low‑cost digital copy is entirely sufficient. However, when the encroachment regularisation authority specifically demands a “certified true copy,” only the issuing revenue office or a notary can provide that document. The certified copy bears an official imprint, a signature, and a date that the AI‑typed copy cannot replicate. Knowing which standard your application requires determines which route you take.

What Lekhak’s AI Typing Service Produces

Upload a clear scan or phone photograph of your land record, a PDF, JPG, PNG, or WebP file, and Lekhak’s AI typing pipeline returns a DOCX file in minutes. The output preserves the original language, whether Kannada, Tamil, Telugu, Marathi, or another Indian script, and reconstructs the table structure with columns for survey number, patta, area, and assessment intact. It does not invent missing words, guess illegible portions beyond what optical character recognition can read, or add any validating mark. The result is a clean, editable typed record that you can use as working material. For current per‑page rates, see the pricing page at lekhak.app/pricing. No credit card is required to start, and there is no human translator in the loop, the AI handles the typing directly.

When a Typed Copy Needs Notarisation or Attestation

Some encroachment regularisation formats ask for a typed copy that has been notarised or attested by a Tahsildar or other revenue officer. That additional step falls entirely outside Lekhak’s self‑serve scope: the platform has no facility to notarise documents, to affix revenue stamps, or to coordinate attestation. If your submission requires a notarised typed copy, you can take the DOCX file you receive from the AI typing service to a local notary or, where the procedure permits, present it to the district collector’s office for attestation as a separate administrative process.

Legal Framework and Getting a Duplicate Original

Land records in India are governed primarily by state land revenue codes and the central Registration Act, 1908. These statutes define how records are created, maintained, and made available to the public. An understanding of this framework helps when an original document is lost or damaged. The land records portal of the Government of India provides links to state‑level digital land databases, which can serve as a first point of reference for locating a record.

Key Statutes That Define Land Records

The Registration Act, 1908 requires mandatory registration of certain instruments, creating a public trail of ownership and encumbrance. Individual states supplement it with revenue codes, for example, the Karnataka Land Revenue Act, the Maharashtra Land Revenue Code, or the Tamil Nadu Patta Passbook Act, that prescribe the format of the record of rights, the role of the village accountant, and the procedure for mutation. Those state acts are what give documents like the 7/12 extract or B‑register their legal standing.

How to Obtain a Duplicate from the Revenue Office

If the original land record is missing, you can apply for a certified duplicate at the sub‑registrar’s office or the taluk office where the land is situated. The application generally requires the survey number, patta number, or other identifying details, along with a prescribed fee. The office verifies the record against its registers and issues a duplicate stamped as a true copy. That duplicate carries the same evidentiary value as the original for most official purposes. Lekhak’s AI typing can later be used to produce a working copy from that duplicate, but the certified duplicate itself must come from the revenue machinery.

FAQ: Land Record Typing for Encroachment Cases

What exactly is a B Yadastu entry?

B Yadastu refers to the B‑register, a revenue‑department ledger maintained in parts of Karnataka. It lists the name of the landholder, the patta or khata number, and the extent of the holding, serving as a quick reference for occupancy details.

Can the AI accurately read handwritten scripts like Kannada or Tamil?

The AI typing pipeline reaches high character‑level accuracy on clear, well‑lit handwriting. Faint or cursive script may result in a few recognition errors. Reviewing the DOCX against the original scan is always advisable.

Does the typed DOCX preserve the original table and columns?

Yes. The AI reconstructs the grid of rows and columns, survey number, patta, area, assessment, encumbrance, so the output mirrors the original record’s structure, not just a plain‑text dump.

How quickly will I receive the typed document?

Once the scan is uploaded, the typing‑and‑formatting process completes in minutes. There is no batch queue or human review gate; the DOCX is ready for download as soon as the AI finishes its work.

Is an AI‑typed copy acceptable for government encroachment regularisation?

That depends on the specific authority. Many schemes require a certified true copy from the revenue office. If the circular asks only for a “typed copy,” the AI‑generated DOCX may meet the requirement; otherwise, a certified duplicate is necessary.

Will Lekhak provide a certified or attested copy?

No. Lekhak’s platform does not issue certified documents, affix stamps, or arrange notarisation. Any need for a certified or attested typed copy must be fulfilled separately through the appropriate revenue or notarial authority.

Can I upload a photograph taken with a mobile phone?

Yes. The service accepts JPG, PNG, and WebP images, including phone photographs, as long as the text is in focus and the lighting is even. Blurry or shadowed areas may reduce recognition quality.

What happens if the original document is torn or faded?

The AI transcribes only what it can identify. Severely damaged sections may appear as gaps or tentative characters. A partial typed copy can still be useful for preparing a draft application while you arrange a duplicate from the revenue office.

Which file formats are supported for uploading the land record?

The typing pipeline accepts PDF, DOCX, DOC, JPG, PNG, WebP, TXT, and Markdown files. Excel and PowerPoint are not supported for this workflow.

Can I edit the typed DOCX after downloading?

Absolutely. The output is a standard editable DOCX file. You can add notes, correct any minor discrepancies, or adjust formatting before printing or sharing it with your advocate.